A purpose of science is to organize diversified factual knowledge into a coherent body of information, and to present this from the simplest possible viewpoint. The explosion products initially expand at very high velocities in an attempt to reach equilibrium with the surrounding air, causing a shock wave. Investigation on energy output structure of explosives nearground. The blast wave generated by an explosion consists of a shock front in which the pressure rises virtually. He produce a defining supersonic overpressurization shock wave. The explosion was initiated in the c drift and reached a maximum pressure of 90100 psi inby the seal. If looking for a ebook explosive shocks in air by gilbert f. Review article design of blastloaded glazing windows. The ideal gas equation of state models the air and the explosive is modelled with the joneswilkenslee jwl lee, hornig and kury, 1968 equation of state. Kindle explosive shocks in air pdf ebook video dailymotion. While calling it quiet would be far from the truth, it is less annoying than others.
This heat does not include the heat generated by secondary reactions of the explosive or its products with air. Airblast tnt equivalence for a range of commercial. Nevertheless a purpose of this work is to present as simply as possible a general description of the basic nature of explosions. Shock wave propagation and its interaction with the blast wall were performed in lsdyna in order to. Download explosive effects and applications book pdf epub. Explosion debris protection for refuge chambers and outby refuge stations figure 2 shows the debris pattern from a failed seal in a test at the lake lynn experimental mine. Pdf vapor cloud explosion analysis of onshore petrochemical. Shock waves and explosion phenomena, especially from high explo. Explosive shocks in air seems to have been written with the safety engineer or process.
The explosive charge is detonated in the air, the blast waves propagate. Book search tips selecting this option will search all publications across the scitation platform selecting this option will search all publications for the publishersociety in context. A shock wave consists of highly compressed air, traveling radially outward from the source at supersonic velocities. Ship this item qualifies for free shipping buy online. Numerical evaluation of craters produced by explosions on the soil. The areal extent of an explosion depends on many factors, but most important are the amount of methane gas available to fuel the explosion and the extent of coal dust participation.
Explosive shocks in air by gilbert ford kinney, 1985,springer, verlag edition, in english 2nd ed. Explosive shocks in air paperback march 12, 2014 by gilbert f. Sold by itemspopularsonlineaindemand and ships from amazon fulfillment. Nov 11, 20 explosive shocks in air gilbert ford kinney, kenneth judson graham snippet view 1985. Previously, when simulating structures subjected to blast loads, two methods of analysis were available. The kg85 model provides predictions of the air blast wave impulse for a chemical explosion of 1 kg tnt in a homogeneous whole. Typical pressure profile for an edm magazine pdf explosive blast in air. Figures 1 and 2 assume that the shock wave is essentially planar in nature, since those plots were developed to assess possible injuries from air shock waves due to nuclear weapons. This is a broadbased text on the fundamentals of explosive behavior and the application of explosives in civil engineering, industrial processes, aerospace applications, and military uses.
For a medium where the characteristic impedance is quite constant such as. Oct 01, 2019 the waveform structure of the air explosion shock wave is generally considered to consist of overpressure peak, positive pressure zone and negative pressure zone, as shown in fig. The velocity of the blast wave in air may be extremely high, depending on the type and amount of the explosive used. The vod range in commercial explosives is 25007500 ms. J, explosive shocks in air, springer, ebook tcd20110611 pdf by nicer 2nd ed. Shock initiation of explosives investigated with small partition experiment and numerical simulation. I m onto my 4th 1020 now, and they ve all had this fault to a greater or lesser extent. Pdf a coupling of empirical explosive blast loads to ale. After the explosion shock wave is separated from the explosive product air interface, the product continues to expand and gradually.
Blast wave parameters for spherical explosives detonation. Explosive shocks in air by kinney, gilbert f graham, kenneth j. The shock wave energy is a measurable parameter for detonation generated shock waves in air, ground and water. Generally, explosives with a lower vod tend to release gas over a longer period and consequently have more heave. When an explosion occurs in a limited space, the explosive will form a hightemperature and highpressure detonation product as well as rapidly expand the compressed air to form an explosion shock wave in the air. This treatise should be of interest to all who are working with explosives such as used in construction or in demolition work, in mining operations, or in military applications. Laboratory scale tests for the assessment of solid explosive blast. In this paper, the authors utilize numerical finite element fe simulations to investigate the influence of different tnt jwl parameter sets on the blast wave. The shape of the freefield shock wave, ground reflection shock wave, and mach. Buy a discounted paperback of explosive shocks in air online from australias leading online bookstore. Tests were conducted with an initial shock wave mach number of 1. Download ebook explosive shocks in air pdf for free. Summary a coupling method recently implemented in lsdyna allows empirical explosive blast loads to be applied to air domains treated with the multimaterial arbitrary lagrangianeulerian ale formulation. Numerical prediction of blast wall effectiveness for structural.
High vod explosives are more suitable in hard rock and low vod in softer rock. The journal of the acoustical society of america 80, 708 1986. Waveform inversion of acoustic waves for explosion yield. Nov 28, 2016 kindle explosive shocks in air pdf ebook. An individual in the path of an explosion will be subjected not only to excess barometric pressure, but to pressure from the highvelocity wind traveling directly behind the shock front of the blast wave. Graham explosive shocks air pdf download graham explosive shocks air pdf. This option allows users to search by publication, volume and page selecting this option will search the current publication in context.
Like any other manufactured chemical compounds, explosives are produced using chemical reactants and other utilities steam, heat, compressed air, feed water and electricity and generate a set of. A standardized description of the explosive material behavior allows for a better interpretation of results from research studies involving different blast scenarios and jwl parameters. Buy this book isbn 9783642866821 digitally watermarked, drmfree included format. Heat of detonation is defined as the heat of the reac tion of the explosive that results in the detonation prod ucts. Explosive shocks in air gilbert ford kinney, kenneth. The three parameters that primarily determine the characteristics and intensity of blast loading are the weight of explosives, the type of the explosives. Explosive shocks in air open library explosive shocks in air by gilbert ford kinney, 1985,springer, verlag edition, 1 edition record for of explosive shocks in air by gilbert ford kinney.
In autodyn one dimensional simulation is modeled using 2d axisymmetric solver in the shape of a wedge. Download explosive effects and applications books now. Apr 01, 2020 at the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of explosive shock wave of composition b explosive, both in the air and on the ground, is less than that of rdx and aluminized explosives. We presented the utter release of this ebook in doc, pdf, txt, epub, djvu forms. Pdf ebooks can be used on all reading devices immediate ebook.
An explosion is an extremely rapid release of energy in the form of light, heat, sound, and a shock wave. Explosives are categorized as highorder explosives he or loworder explosives le. Explosive shocks in air pdf explosive material explosion. The blast in air can be modelled using one dimensional approach. Pressure load characteristics of nonideal explosives in a. Kinney, graham, explosive shocks in air, springer verlag 1962. Pdf life cicle inventory for lead azide manufacture. Examples of he include tnt, c4, semtex, nitroglycerin, dynamite, and ammonium nitrate fuel oil anfo.
Debris from the failed seal, from cribs built near the. Blast effects on humans green, explosion yellow, fragments brown. A small but known amount of explosive is placed in the bomb of a calorimeter along with an arrangement to initiate its explosion. We define a small explosion as one with flame travel of less than 100 feet, a medium explosion as one with flame travel of several hundred feet, and a. Plane shock waves generated in a shock tube were reflected off a slab of foam mounted against the back wall of the tube. Le create a subsonic explosion and lack hes overpressurization wave. The air blast shock wave is the primary damage mechanism in an explosion.
Download explosive shocks in air book pdf epub mobi tuebl. After an initial qualitative characterization of the properties of explosions in the atmosphere and their blast and shock propagation effects, attention is given to the underlying quantitative principles of explosive energy release, including the scaling laws for explosions and internal blast effects from confined explosions. Graham explosive shocks in air a purpose of science is to organize diversified factual knowledge into a coherent body of information, and to present this from the simplest possible viewpoint. Both would have an influence on the possible lung damage to a human. Analysis of blast parameters in the nearfield for spherical freeair. Booktopia has explosive shocks in air by gilbert f. As the shock wave expands, pressures decrease rapidly with. The dynamic loads that blast waves impose on representative. This is a formidable task where our knowledge is incomplete, as it. The parameters of tnt, pbx and hexel blasting in the air explosion were.
A thermobaric weapon, aerosol bomb, or vacuum bomb is a type of explosive that uses oxygen from the surrounding air to generate a hightemperature explosion. In practice, the blast wave typically produced by such a weapon is of a significantly longer duration than that produced by a conventional condensed explosive. Scaling relationship for impulse between kg85 and observation is given by. The explosive and air are modelled with the euler gudonov solver in an axial symmetric geometry. The pennsylvania state university the graduate school college of. After an initial qualitative characterization of the properties of explosions in the atmosphere and their blast and shock. The most common tnt equivalent tests are the airblast and platedent tests 14. The air and explosive gas are allowed to escape across the boundaries. Kinney and graham 11 also presented following equations for estimating the maximum overpressure, duration, and impulse. Download explosive shocks in air book pdf epub mobi tuebl and. Changes in the pressure of a point at a certain distance from the explosive with. Kinney in pdf form, in that case you come on to the loyal site.
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