The condensed steam now called condensate is collected in the condenser s hotwell. Decreases the thermal efficiency of steam power plant. The main purpose in steam power plant is to generate maximum. Energy efficiency of any power plant strongly depends on its turbine condenser system operation mode. Sep 01, 2019 the relations for condenser thermal performance provided in this study contains no constant coefficients and only being function of inlet conditions of condenser.
State ay two application of gas turbine power plant. Condenser, back pressure, power, heat rate, thermal efficiency i. The pump characteristics of head, power and efficiency as a function of. The definition and derivation of these two evaluation indexes were elaborated and. Thermal power plant cyclea typical 210 mw thermal power plant cycle based on modified rankine cycle. Apr 15, 2016 in condenser after condensing the steam, the steam converts into water by the help of cooling water.
Pdf analysis of operation of the condenser in a 120 mw. That cooling water cw after heat exchanging goes to the cooling tower. The boiler is the major source of irreversibilities. A simple model to help understand water use at power plants. Functions, types, air leakage and efficiency condenser thermal. India has large deposit of coal about 170 billion tonnes, 5th largest in world. Pdf in order to minimize total cost of electricity production it is. Thermal power plants are usually equipped with so called surface condensers. The study showed that the condenser pressure played a prominent role in changing p. The condensation of steam in a closed vessel produces a partial vacuum by reason. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for thermal power. Since condenser is the reserve operating at the lowest pressure in thermal power plant, its serves as the receiving point. The conventional steam power plant working under, the rankine cycle and the steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler, as a heat source have the same importance for the power plant operating process.
The function of a condenser in a thermal power plant is a. With this, the herculean task of replenishing the working fluid completely is eliminated. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Since 1881, electricity has been generated for the purpose of. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. The pressure inside a steam condenser is kept below the atmospheric pressure to increase efficiency. The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams. The effect of this condensation on condenser area and effects to the cost is investigated. The nearly all accepted style of air cooled condenser is the modularized a frame structured design, used on industries and power plants of all sizes. So when exhaust lowpressure steam comes from the turbine and passes through the condenser, it steam gets condensed to water, as the steam loses the heat, the extracted heat from the steam is carried out via the circulating cooling water. Steam exhausted from lp turbine is not in condensed form and it is not economical to compress the steam at a very high pressure around 150 kgcm2. Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw thermal. Mar 27, 2020 a steam condenser is a closed vessel in which steam is condensed by abstracting the heat by cooling it with water and where the pressure is maintained below atmospheric pressure.
To condense the exhaust steam from the turbine and reuse it as pure feed water in the boiler. Condenser optimization in steam power plant springerlink. Inside a steam condenser, there is a flow of cooling water which is continuously circulating from condenser to cooling tower and cooling tower to the condenser. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Turbine condensate system in thermal power plant heat. The overall efficiency of a steam thermal power plant is strongly influenced by the. In thermal power station condenser plays a vital role for having good efficiency. Increasing the efficiency of surface condenser under. To condense steam into condensate to be reused again.
The condensation process creates a vacuum in the condenser, the level of which is mainly dependent on the temperature of the external cooling water. Ladd abstract water consumption at thermoelectric power plants represents a small but substantial share of total water consumption in the u. Thermoeconomic optimisation of steam condenser for combined. Thermoelectric power plants in the united states by timothy h. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for 120 mw. In refrigeration operations, condensers are used to liquefy the highpressure refrigerant vapor leaving the compressor. Once the steam has passed through the turbine, it enters the condenser where heat is removed until it condenses back into liquid water. Dec 12, 2020 the condenser plant has a huge impact on the economy of a steam turbine power plant.
Steam condenser types, function, diagram, advantages. Condenser is one of the important auxiliary equipments in nuclear power plants. Some power plants have an open cycle once through cooling water system where water is taken from a body of water, such as a river, lake or ocean, pumped through the plant condenser and discharged back to the source. Thus by fitting a condenser, the thermal efficiency of the steam power plant can be greatly increased and also the capacity, without increasing size.
Thermal power plantcomponent, layout, advantages, disadvantages. Effect of low pressure end conditions on steam power plant. It appreciably increases the work done per kg of steam. To reduce the turbine exhaust pressure so as to increase the specific output and hence increase the plant efficiency and decrease the specific steam consumption. In this study, thermal power plant s, based on ideal rankine cycle, steam is condensed while the pressure of the condenser changes between 0. In steam surface condensers there is no mixing of exhaust steam and cooling water.
Experimental analysis of condenser to improve the efficiency in. In addition, the calculated thermal efficiency was 38. Optimization of a condenser in a thermal power plant. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from. Flow rate, condenser, power output, performance analysis, vacuum, energy efficiency introduction 1 the condenser is a heat transfer device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it.
Key words ideal rankine cycle, energy analysis, exergy analyses. The heat is generated from a diverse range of sources, including coal, natural gas, uranium, solar energy, and geothermal energy. Another advantage of the condenser is that the steam condensed may be recovered to provide a source of pure feed water to the boiler and reduce the water softening capacity to a. Condenser in thermal power plants power4you power from.
Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate. The conventional steam power plant working under the rankine. So a device is needed which can condense the steam into water. The function of a condenser in thermal cycle is to maintain the exit pressure of the turbine lower than the atmosphere pressure. It is a type of heat exchanger in which steam undergoes phase change by giving latent heat and converts into water. The effects of deviations in the condenser behavior on the. The a frame structured designs are mostly used in the power plants.
Pdf report on steam power plant saddam hussain sohag. The authors found that the performance of the condenser was varied due to the cooling water inlet temperature, flow rate of cooling water and pressure in energy 4. For improvement the power plant efficiency the effect condenser pressure has been studied. Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw. More than 60% of electric power is produced by steam plants in india. Function of condenser function of the condenser is to create a vacuum by. This is necessary to obtain the maximum thermal efficiency from a given.
The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine by rejecting the heat of vaporisation to the cooling water passing through the condenser. The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the. A steam condenser is a closed vessel heat exchanger that is used to convert lowpressure steam to water. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water why it is required. The condenser performance test and thermal performance. The use of condensers in thermal power plant or steam power plant improves the efficiency of the power plant by decreasing the exhaust pressure of the steam below the atmosphere. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible. The conventional steam power plant working under the rankine cycle and the steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler as a heat source have the same importance for the power plant operating process. The use of a condenser in a power plant is to improve the efficiency of the power plant by decreasing the exhaust pressure of the steam below atmospheric pressure. Thus, installing coalbased thermal power plants based on advanced steam parameters in bangladesh will be. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser.
Analysis of operation of the condenser in a 120 mw thermal power. Function of the condenser is to create a vacuum by condensing steam. In a thermal power plant, to complete the cyclic operation, we need to send water again to the economizer at high pressure. Setting the steam condenser pressure is generally restricted by the t. In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for electric power generation, however, gas turbines are also used as jet engines in aircraft propulsion. Currently, many thermoelectric power plants use wetcooled condenser. Due to condenser pressure limitation, the maximum possible overall energy efficiency was found to be about 36. The function of condensers in steam power plants is to maintain a low temperature. The main purposes of the condenser are to condense the exhaust steam from the turbine for reuse in the cycle and to maximize turbine efficiency by maintaining proper vacuum. Detailed calculations of the performance under different operating conditions were carried out for the condenser of the morava thermal power plant. Methods for estimating water consumption for thermoelectric. Surface condenser and its function in thermal power plant a surface condenser or steam condenser is a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger used to condensate the exhaust steam from the steam turbine in thermal power stations. This may lead to higher back pressure in condenser which in turn lead to loss in condenser vacuum that causes loss of turbine efficiency resulting in higher heat rate than designed resulting in direct energy loss. The simplest plant is the open turbine gas cycle used to produce electrical.
The temperature of steam is a function of condenser pressure. As the operating pressure of the condenser is lowered vacuum is increased, the enthalpy drop of the expanding steam in the turbine will also increase. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for thermal power plant. The thermal efficiency of the entire unit was depended on the condenser performance. Improvement power plant efficiency with condenser pressure. Pdf the choice of surface condenser in function of energy. In condenser after condensing the steam, the steam converts into water by the help of cooling water.
Heat exchangers referred to as surface condensers are used to condense the exhaust from steam turbines that generate inhouse power for plant operations. However, the steam generators in many large industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries may use whatever lowpressure steam is available. A surface condenser or steam condenser is a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger used to condensate the exhaust steam from the steam turbine in thermal power stations. The purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Turbine condensate system in thermal power plant free download as powerpoint presentation. Thermal performance assessment of steam surface condenser. Pmi revision 00 what is condensate the steam after condensing in the condenser known as condensate, is extracted out of the condenser hot well by condensate pump and taken to the deaerator through. Deterioration of the parameters during operation could lead to a significant decrease in electrical output and.
The temperatures obtained from the numerical analysis of the modeled condenser closely match with those of the working temperatures in the thermal power plant, which validates the model. Thermal power stations introduction thermal energy is the major source of power generation in india. Furthermore, an optimisation of a condenser in a thermal power plant was performed. The main function of the condenser is to create vacuum pressure at the. Conventional cooling methods of thermal power plants are extremely. Cleanliness factor and condenser corrected pressure are the two most important evaluation indexes. The coal production in the country is increasing at the rate of 4. The deaerators in the steam generating systems of most thermal power plants use low pressure steam obtained from an extraction point in their steam turbine system. In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters such as turbine inlet condition, turbine power and condenser pressure on heat transfer area, cooling water flowrate, condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser. A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. Abstract in a thermal power plant, one of the main parts is considered that is. The condensed liquid is returned to the suction of the pump to complete the cycle. The condenser plant has a huge impact on the economy of a steam turbine power plant. Thermoeconomic optimisation of steam condenser for.
Inland plants away from large water bodies prefer to use closed cycle wet cooling system with wet cooling towers. State ay two application of the diesel power plant. The thermal power sector contributes to nearly about 66 percent of installed capacity in india. Based on the actual measurement data collected from power plant, it is found that the proposed relations provide good accuracy. Energy efficiency of the coal fired power plant strongly depends on its turbine condenser system operation mode. Thermal power plants convert heat into power in the form of electricity. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for 120 mw thermal. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and. Where the heat collected from the steam in the condenser is removed by the help of direct contact with air. Condenser s hotwell provides also a water storage capacity, which is required for operational purposes such as feedwater makeup. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water.
The function of the condenser is to convert the saturated steam at the exhaust of the turbine to water that can be reused in the boiler to again convert it to steam. Analysis on performance of condenser in thermal power plant. The heat rate hr, kjkwh of a power plant is the amount of heat input required kjh to produce one unit of electricity kw see equation 1. Decreasing the condenser pressure by 100 mbar will increase the power output by 2. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for. In this lecture we will discuss why condenser is used in steam power plant. Comprehensive testing of the condenser was carried out and experimental data were compared with the numerical results.
Condenser is an essential component in thermal power plant. Surface condenser and its function in thermal power plant. Steam condenser objective questions mcq and answers. It is generally used for lowering the backpressure of the exhaust of the turbine end.
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