In recent years ex situ conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species. The national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserve are some of the examples of in situ conservation. In india following types of natural habitats are being maintained. This method involves intervention in the sites and sometimes can be combined with reburial. Expanding such examples into a metaphor, the whole of civilization is producing artifacts, in contrast to the products of wild. Biosphere reserves india has over 600 protected areas, which includes over 90 national parks, over 500 animal.
Exsitu conservation means maintaining living organisms out of their natural habitat. Ex situ conservation means conservation which takes place offsite. Basic principles of conservation of genetic variation are essentially the same for all living organisms. Biosphere reserves these are national governments nominated sites, large areas often up to 5000 square km of an ecosystem where traditional lifestyle and natural habitat of the. In situ conservation, which is also known as onsite conservation, refers to the conservation of wild species in their natural habitats and environment. Sep 19, 2020 a all are in situ conservation methods. The importance of ex situ collections for conservation in situ was realized. This article outlines why conservation is needed, the major threats to species, and how diversity is maintained at the ecosystem, species, and genetic levels.
It aims to conserve the natural habitats of the living creatures and maintain and recover wild species, especially the endangered species. One of the methods frequently used in rainwater harvesting is the storage of rainwater in situ. This method of conservation allows animals flourish in their natural habitat and food chain and offers more mobility to the animals. Stages in the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 18. Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation. Insitu conservation is the ideal method of conserving wild plant genetic resources. Suasive strategy for in situ conservation of biodiversity in sri lanka september 2018 conference. In situ measures are perceived as more holistic in their approach and allow the conservation of processes or habitats which cant be protected through ex situ measures e. In situ conservationin situ conservation covers a wide range of techniques and forms. In other words, it is a set of conservation techniques. In situ and ex situ conservation methods are complementary options essential to the maintenance of crop and biological diversity office of technology assessment, 1987a. It is a costeffective and a convenient method of conserving. Now gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile condition for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilized in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods.
Conserving the areas where populations of species exist naturally is an underlying condition for the conservation of biodiversity. In situ conservation is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongsideex situ conservation. In this method of biological diversity conservation, sampling, shifting, storage and preservation of target taxa is carried out outside the natural habitat of the organisms. A model for biodiversity conservation is presented which includes. Insitu and exsitu biodiversity conservation in ecuador. Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks serve this purpose. In india, ecologically unique and biodiversityrich regions are legally protected as biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, reserved forests, protected forests and nature reserves. In the past, thermal, chemical, and physical treatment methods have failed to eliminate the pollution problem because those methods only shift the pollution to a new phase such as air pollution. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. Ex situ conservation literally means, offsite conservation. Report of the south asia regional session of the global biodiversity forum 2003. In situ methods use conservation areas as warehouses of biological information.
Exsitu and insitu conservation dinabandhu andrews college. In situ conservation involves the maintenance of the genetic variation making up pgrfa in the location where it is encountered naturally, either in the wild or within a traditional farming or domestic situation. In situ conservation of biodiversity is the conservation of species within their natural habitat. In situ conservation may be viewed as a dynamic process that allows the continuance of the evolutionary processes that result in genetic diversity and adaptation. Thats why protected areas form a central element of any national strategy to conserve biodiversity.
It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. Conservation of biodiversity definition, methods, examples. What is in exsitu and insitu biodiversity conservation. In situ genetic conservation thus involves the saving of appropriate populations over generations, in order to maintain their potential for future evolution given the adaptively or randomly developed genetic structures within the species koski et al.
The selection of one or more methods depends on needs, possibilities and targeted species. The methods, may vary according to the specific of conservation and the distribution and biological nature of the material to be conserved. Ex situ conservation an overview sciencedirect topics. Ex situ conservation methods ened in situ and is the for the conservation of the specific genetic resource, frequently, the will be to establish populations that maintain as much as possible of the original and allows for longterm tion to the local conditions at the planting site. It helps in agricultural biodiversity conservation farmers who use uncustomary agricultural practices. Ex situ conservation methods bioversity international. Seed gene banks make the easiest way to store germplasm of wild and cultivated plants at low temperature. The interests of the indigenous people are also protected. Following are the important advantages of in situ conservation. There are basically two methods used in forest genetic resource conservation, namely the in situ on site and the ex situ off site conservation methods the in situ conservation method is the protection and maintenance of species populations in the ecosystem in which they occur. Nov 18, 2020 in situ conservation is one of the methods of the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species.
Ex situ conservation methods ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. The methods, may vary according to the specific of. Both in situ and ex situ methods of biodiversity conservation are equally important. Article 8 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd specifies in situ conservation as the primary conservation strategy, and states that ex situ measures should play a supportive role to reach conservation targets. Insitu and exsitu conservation methods essay 341 words. Methods for conservation for the purpose of this report, the following. Approaches to ex situ conservation include methods like seed storage, dna storage, pollen storage, in vitro conservation, field gene banks and botanical gardens. Pdf water conservation through rainwater harvesting. The major genebanks conserving proso, barnyard, kodo, and little millets are presented in table 8. In this method genetic information of cultivated and wild plant species is preserved in the form of in vitro cultures and seeds, which are stored as gene banks for longterm use.
In situ and ex situ conservation methods and techniques. In situ conservation, the conservation of species in their natural habitats, is considered the most appropriate way of conserving biodiversity. Offsite conservation is called as ex situ conservation, which deals with conservation of an endangered species outside its natural habitat. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular emphasis. Ex situ conservation is the widely used method to conserve millet genetic resources. In this section these and other conservation approaches and methods will be briefly described. The conservation of biodiversity is achieved by two approaches in situ and ex situ. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world, its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to employ complementary in situ and ex situ conservation. Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies. It is especially adapted to species which cannot be established or regenerated outside their natural habitats. Jan 11, 2016 in situ and ex situ conservation examples published. In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to employ complementary in situ and ex. Although ex situ and in situ conservation were historically treated as distinct conservation strategies, both methods are implemented.
Ex situ artificial home actual question in csat 2011 12. In situ on site conservation refers to conservation techniques implemented in the same area where the conservation target species, ecosystem, population is encountered. Biodiversity includes a number of different levels of. Insitu management approaches can either be targeted at populations of. Pdf in situ and ex situ conservation methods and techniques. Stages in the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 18 a. In situ conservation methods bioversity international. Many scientists and conservationists feel that until methods are available to discern easily which of the millions of species and varieties will have economic value, in situ conservation through the protection of natural areas should be the primary means for the. This technique has been used in the arid and semiarid regions of northeastern brazil, argentina, and.
There are two methods of biodiversity conservation. In situ conservation provides the required green cover and its associated benefits to our environment. There are remarkable examples of different kinds of in situ conservation techniques that still allow access for visitors, such as in croatia figure 1. In situ conservation of genetic resources managing. Ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. May 03, 2019 in situ conservation is the onsite conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species. The state of in situ management food and agriculture organization. In this chapter, the objectives of genetic resources conservation are discussed and in situ conservation methods are described, and the costs related to these conservation methods are analyzed.
In situ and ex situ conservation focuses on the maintenance of species diversity within or away from their natural habitats, respectively. Effectiveness of in situ water conservation through rainwater harvesting is a function of an interaction between the climate, soil and plant properties. In situ conservation vs ex situ conservation javatpoint. Globally 29,000 accessions of proso millet, 8,000 accessions each of barnyard and kodo millets, and 3,000 accessions of little millet have been assembled and conserved fig.
First earth summit for convention on biological diversity cbd was. Concept, approach and actors of speciesbased in situ conservation 1 1. In situ conservation is a wonderful method to protect an endangered plan or animal species in its natural area, either by safeguarding the habitat itself, or by protecting the species from the predators. The ideal approach of in situ conservation, or an integration of the two types of conservation methods, is often prohibited by increased pressure on land, change in land use or economic constraints. Conservation policies will be pursued with quite different sets of instruments and conservation methods depending on the objectives and the costs implied. Germplasm conservation and cryopreservation with diagram. Choosing the appropriate conservation methods 87 matching breeds and conservation methods 89 reference 94 recommended citation fao. The convention on biological diversity cbd recognizes the complementary role of both conservation strategies in situ and ex situ. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of. In situ conservation is the onsite conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of teagan species.
Ex situ conservation forms the basis of article 9 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd, which highlights it should always be implemented as a complementary and not as an alternative approach to in situ conservation. In situ conservation is being done by declaring area as protected area. It is now recognized that ex situ techniques can be efficiently used to complement in situ methods, and they may represent the only option for conserving certain highly endangered and rare. There is also a need to prioritize ecosystems, species and populations for conservation actions. Rotach introduction basic principles of conservation of genetic variation are essentially the same for all living organisms. Apr 06, 2015 conservation of biodiversity protecting the loss of biodiversity.
Which one of the following is not a site for in situ method of conservation of flora. Pdf complications and effectiveness of in situ preservation. Ex situ conservation methods sample the genetic diversity of species by using certain criteria and they storepropagate the collected material outside the natural environments in which the species grow 4. Encyclopedia of applied plant sciences second edition, 2017. In situconservation the cbd unep, 1992, covering both wild and domesticated. In this type of conservation the threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in a special area or location where they can be protected and given special care. Conservation is an ethic of resource use, allocation, and protection. January 11, 2016 in situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this. In this method, the natural ecosystem is maintained and protected. Pdf technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation.
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